Natural course of the underlying disease.

The effects of inactive, even toxic, drugs can go unnoticed or be mistaken for theДЎ The terms medicine, drug, and pharmaceutical are used interchangeably in this report in accordance with the definitions listed in the American Heritage StedmanвЂ™s Medical Dictionary (2012a,b,c). To complicate the problem, medicines are mostly for sick people. International trade and manufacturing systems obscure connections between the crime and the criminal in modern supply chains, medicines may change hands many times in many countries before reaching a patient. Less than a year earlier, 76 doctors in the United States unknowingly treated cancer patients with a fake version of the drug Avastin (Weaver and Whalen, 2012). As of January 2013, gross manufacturing negligence at a compounding pharmacy in Massachusetts had sickened 693 Americans and killed 45 (CDC, 2013). Although the problem is most widespread in poor countries with weak regulatory oversight, it is no longer confined to underground economies as in postwar Vienna. The theft, adulteration, careless manufacture, and fraudulent labeling of medicines 1 continue to attract villains who, like Harry Lime, grow wealthy off their business. In a dramatic confrontation on the Vienna Ferris wheel, Martin refers to LimeвЂ™s earlier racketeering, asking, вЂњCouldnвЂ™t you have stuck to tires?вЂќ No, explains Lime, one of the American Film InstituteвЂ™s 100 greatest villains, вЂњIвЂ™ve always been ambitiousвЂќ (AFI, 2003). In the 1949 film The Third Man and the novel of the same name, Holly Martin learns that his childhood friend Harry Lime has made a fortune diluting stolen penicillin and selling it on the black market.

British pharmacopoeia 2011 pdf